they are concerned that tunisia might -- the war in mali might become a recruitment for disgruntled tunisia and islamists. there is concern about backlash. so far, cross border links between militants have been tenuous so far. they use more greed and criminality than ideology. jihadi gangsters, rebels might join forces. destabilize countries that are transitioning and have very weak security institutions. authorities today, they're struggling to reform their dysfunctional security services. they're struggling to develop the capacity as the police. even countries with strong security forces, there is danger there. morocco has been on high alert since the french intervention. we know several moroccans have joined. about 78 armed groups in mali. the country is worried about stability in the western sahara. that is where in north africa. the problem of the spillover into west africa where countries are fragile. the roots of instability are complex carriage we can talk more about those later on. mauritania is salad considers -- is generally considered the least problematic state. the gump -- the